PERCEIVED RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING AFRICA REDEMPTION CLINIC, IGARRA, EDO STATE
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Quantitative
- Simple Percentage
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a gastrointestinal disorder that occurs as a result of developing a hole or sore within the lining of stomach, or duodenum, which forms the first part of the ileum (small intestine) (Lin et al., 2015). This is caused by high increase in the gastric acid found in the stomach. PUD poses a serious medical problem to humans, and it affects millions of people in their everyday lives. It increases the morbidity and mortality rates throughout the world’s population (Siddique, 2014). For example, approximately 4 million people have peptic ulcer disease in the United States, and about 350,000 new cases of PUD are diagnosed each year (Siddique, 2014). Peptic ulcer disease has been identified as the most common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.
The incidence of this disease is constantly increasing in developing countries, while it has decreased in developed countries (Al-Zubeer et al., 2012). PUD has continued to be a serious socio-medical challenge in the world (Konturek et al., 2003). The reasons behind the decrease of peptic ulcer incidence in developed countries have been attributed to the early detection and treatment of the disease (Al-Zubeer et al., 2012). Other factors that have led to the decline in the PUD in developed countries include increase in hygiene and sanitation in the food services sector; as well as increase in health awareness in developed countries. However, the reasons for the increase in PUD among developing countries are not yet clear. PUD poses life-threatening problems, such as ulcer perforations and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tracts (Konturek et al., 2003).
In the last decades of the 20th Century, the morbidity and mortality rates of peptic ulcer disease were very high worldwide, but remarkable developments in the field of epidemiology reduced the prevalence and the incidence of peptic ulcer in the world’s population (Malfertheiner, Chan, & McColl, 2009). These epidemiological developments, including tracking of diseases and outbreaks, are used to determine the mode of transmission of diseases. The development in epidemiology also determines whether a disease is zoonotic, chronic, or pathogenic (Malfertheiner et al., 2009). The epidemiological development further involves the identification of health indicators, determinants of diseases, and demographic information, which are quantifiable evidence used by epidemiologists and other health researchers in describing the health situation of a particular population (World Health Organization, 2000).
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is among the major gastrointestinal tract disorders and is partially caused by the increase in secretion of gastric acid. It occurs in the stomach and duodenum (for the anatomy of both structures). The other contributing factors of peptic ulcer development include cigarette smoking (Ali, Ullah, Akhtar, Ali Shah, & Junaid, 2013; Andersen, Jørgensen, Bonnevie, Grønbæk, & Sørensen, 2000a; Maity, Biswas, Roy, Banerjee, & Bandyopadhyay, 2003), use of analgesics, stress (Levenstein, 1998), social conditions (Al-Zubeer et al., 2012), Helicobacter pylori, inheritance (blood group), personal traits, diet, and psychological factors (Johnsen, Førde, Straume, & Burhol, 1994).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Peptic ulcer mainly occurs in the proximal duodenum (duodenal ulcer) or stomach (gastric ulcer). PUD forms a strong defensive mechanism against the gastrointestinal mucosa, such that bicarbonate and mucus secretion are overpowered by the detrimental effects of pepsin and gastric acid (Sung, Kuipers, & El-Serag, 2009). The study by Al-Zubeer et al. reveals that the cause of peptic ulcer can be attributed to stomach cells that secrete digestive juices (acid), which cause corrosion and huge damage in the lining of esophagus, duodenum, or stomach (Al-Zubeer et al., 2012). This study seeks to examine the perceived risk factors associated with peptic ulcer disease among patients attending Africa Redemption Clinic, Igarra, Edo State.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To determine the number of peptic ulcer patients who smoke cigarettes and how much they smoke.
2. To determine the number of peptic ulcer patients who consume alcohol and how much they consume.
3. To determine monthly income of patients.
4. To identify environmental factors that may affect peptic ulcer patients.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. What is the number of patients who smoke cigarettes and how much they smoke?
2. What is the number of patients who consume alcohol and how much they consume?
3. What is the monthly income of patients?
4. What are the environmental factors that may affect patients?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will bring to the notice of peptic ulcer patients attending Africa Redemption Clinic, Igarra, Edo State as well as to those who do not practice most of the behaviours that could lead to this disease on the risk factors associated with peptic ulcer disease.
This study will also help the government and policy makers to enact laws that will put a ban on most of the things that could lead to this disease such as cigarette.
This study will also serve as reference material for further research on this topic or related area.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study focuses to determine the number of patients who smoke cigarettes and how much they smoke Edo State. This study will also examine the number of peptic ulcer patients who consume alcohol and how much they consume. This study will further investigate the monthly income of patients. This study will further look into the environmental factors that may affect peptic ulcer patients. Peptic ulcer patients attending Africa Redemption Clinic, Igarra, Edo State shall serve as enrolled participants for this study.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Like in every human endeavour, the researchers encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire, and interview), which is why the researcher resorted to a moderate choice of sample size. More so, the researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
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